Cubic boron nitride, henceforth abbreviated to CBN, is a synthetic crystalline material that is second only to diamond in terms of hardness. It is structurally analogous to diamond too, with a complex cubic/sphalerite structure composed of interpenetrating face-centred cubic lattices.Essentially, CBN abrasive grains are composed of short, covalent boron—nitrogen bonds which form extremely tight three-dimensional (3D) matrices. These structures are inherently resistant to abrasion, corrosion, and thermal deformation, which makes CBN abrasives ideal for grinding applications.
Advantages of Cubic Boron Nitride
High hardness
The hardness of CBN tools is second only to diamond, and much higher than carbide and ceramic tools. They can effectively process hardened steel, cast iron and carbide with a hardness of HRC60 or above.
High wear resistance
The wear resistance of CBN tools is much higher than that of carbide and ceramics. Its service life is usually 3-5 times that of ceramic tools and 5-15 times that of carbide tools.
High chemical inertness
CBN is not easy to react with iron and its alloy materials at 1200-1300℃, overcoming the chemical affinity between polycrystalline diamond tools and iron, and has good oxidation resistance. Compared with carbide, it has much less bonding and diffusion effects on various materials.
High thermal stability
CBN can withstand high temperatures of 1400℃, which is much higher than diamond tools (700-800℃). It can still maintain high cutting performance even at cutting temperatures above 1100℃, and is suitable for dry cutting.
High thermal conductivity
Among various tool materials, the thermal conductivity of CBN is 79.54W/(m·K), second only to diamond and far superior to cemented carbide, and the thermal conductivity increases with increasing temperature.
Low friction coefficient
Compared with other tool materials, CBN has a lower friction coefficient. The friction coefficient between PCBN and different materials is generally 0.1-0.3, while that of cemented carbide is 0.4-0.6. Moreover, as the cutting speed increases, the friction coefficient decreases, which reduces the cutting force and reduces chip adhesion.
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Cubic Boron Nitride CBN Powder
It not only has many excellent characteristics of diamond, but also has higher thermal stability
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Cubic boron nitride is synthesized from hexagonal boron nitride and catalyst under high temperature
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Cubic Boron Nitride Micropowder for Grinding
Cubic boron nitrideis is the second hardest superhard material after diamond. It not only has many
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Single-crystal Cubic Boron Nitride
Cubic boron nitride single crystal is a kind of nonmetallic superhard material synthesized from
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Cubic Boron Nitride PCBN Cutting Tools
Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride cutter is made of cubic boron nitride after processing and
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Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride Cutter
Cubic boron nitride cutting tools PCBN tools is a kind of CBN material processing tool, is a new
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Types of Cubic Boron Nitride
Cutting tools
CBN is used to make cutting tools, particularly for machining ferrous metals, due to its hardness and resistance to heat and wear. CBN cutting tools can maintain sharp edges and long life compared to traditional carbide tools.
Grinding wheels
CBN is used to make high-performance grinding wheels that are used for precision grinding of hard materials like steel, cast iron, and ceramics. The abrasive properties of cBN make it well-suited for these applications.
Wear-resistant coatings
CBN can be deposited as a thin, wear-resistant coating on tools, dies, and other components that experience high friction and abrasion.
High-temperature electronics
Due to its high thermal conductivity and stability at high temperatures, CBN is used in some high-power electronic devices and semiconductor manufacturing.
Jewelry and gemstones
Synthetic cubic boron nitride is sometimes used as a diamond substitute in jewelry, as it has similar optical properties but is more affordable to produce.
Application of Cubic Boron Nitride
Lubricants and AdditivesHexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is widely used as a lubricant and as an additive in cosmetics due to its structural similarity to graphite, stability, and softness. These properties make it an excellent material for reducing friction and enhancing the texture of cosmetic products
Thermal ManagementBN materials are used as fillers in thermal management applications, particularly in thermoplastic compounds. They significantly improve the thermal conductivity and wear resistance of polymers, which is essential for electronic devices and other heat-sensitive applications
Electronics and OptoelectronicsDue to its wide optical bandgap, boron nitride is suitable for deep ultraviolet optoelectronic devices and high-power electronic devices. BN nanosheets are used as dielectric substrates and gate dielectric layers in graphene-based electronic devices, offering excellent insulation properties
Environmental ProtectionBN materials are used for removing pollutants from water due to their high surface area and chemical stability. They are effective in adsorbing heavy metals and organic pollutants, making them valuable for water purification and environmental remediation
BiomedicineBoron nitride nanomaterials are explored for drug delivery, imaging, and cell stimulation due to their biocompatibility and stability. They have shown promise in various biomedical applications, providing safe and efficient means for medical treatments
BatteriesBN nanomaterials are incorporated into lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries as components of electrolytes, separators, and electrodes to enhance battery performance and stability. These materials help in improving the efficiency and lifespan of batteries
CosmeticsDue to its stability and softness, boron nitride is used as an additive in cosmetic products, enhancing their texture and feel, and improving the overall user experience
In h-BN, the BN layer's partly ionic structure lessens electrical conductivity and covalency, meanwhile the interactions of the interlayer increases, leading to more hardness of h-BN as compared to graphite. The absence of large bandgap and color indicates the lessened delocalization of electrons in hexagonal-BN. Bonding is very different, in basal planes, there is strong covalent bonding (Nitrogen and boron atoms are covalently bonded in these planes) and if bonding is weak between them, then high anisotropy of h-BP properties are caused.
For instance, the thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and hardness are way more in the planes instead of perpendicular. Also, w-BN and c-BN characteristics are more isotropic and homogeneous.
The hardness of these materials is slightly more than bulk c-BN and the hardness of w-BN is higher than diamond. In comparison to diamond's hardness, Polycrystalline c-BN with 10nm sizes of grain is higher or comparable. In mechanical applications, diamond is surpassed by c-BN due to greater stability to transition metals and heat, such as in machining steel. Among all-electric insulators, BN's thermal conductivity is the highest.
Boron nitride can be doped n-type with silicon, sulfur, or boron, and be doped p-type with beryllium, or if co-doped with nitrogen and carbon. Both the cubic and hexagonal BN are wide-gap semiconductors with a band-gap energy equivalent to the UV region. UV light is emitted in 215-250 nm range if the voltage is applied to c-BN or h-BN, thus can be used potentially as lasers or light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
On boron nitride's melting behavior, very less is known. At normal pressure and 2973 C, it sublimates, releasing boron and nitrogen gas. On an increase in the pressure, it melts.
Differences Between Hexagonal Boron Nitride and Cubic Boron Nitride
Hexagonal boron nitride
Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), also known as "white graphite", is a two-dimensional monoatomic layer material composed of nitrogen and boron atoms alternately. Its layered arrangement is AA'AA' Type. Its structure is similar to that of graphene, so it also has many properties similar to that of graphene.
Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is a kind of graphite crystal lattice, which is loose, lubricated, easy to absorb moisture, light, insoluble and high temperature resistant white powder. Hexagonal boron nitride has no obvious melting point, has the property of resistance to chemical erosion, and does not react with general metals, rare earth metals, precious metals, glass, molten salts, etc. As a result, hBN is an ideal material to make crucibles.
Similar to graphite, hBN can also be sintered by hot pressing to obtain boron nitride ceramic material. hBN ceramic is a machinable ceramic that can be used to manufacture various devices, including crucibles, nozzles, insulators strips, and more.
Hexagonal boron nitride is an excellent insulator with high thermal conductivity, high oxidation resistance, high chemical and thermal stability and good mechanical properties. It has important applications in composite material modification, sensors, field emission devices, ultraviolet laser devices and oxidation resistant coatings.
Cubic boron nitride
Cubic boron nitride (c-BN) is a kind of synthetic material. Its hardness is second only to diamond and belongs to super hard material. It is synthesized by hexagonal boron nitride and catalyst under high temperature and high pressure.
Cubic boron nitride (CBN) has black, amber and metal plating color. Its particle size is usually less than 1 mm, and it has high thermal stability and chemical inertia. Therefore, CBN is often used as a material for making super hard cutting tools.
Therefore, the main difference between hexagonal boron nitride and cubic boron nitride lies in their physical properties
Summary
Hexagonal boron nitride is white, while cubic boron nitride is mostly black and amber; Hexagonal boron nitride is soft, while cubic boron nitride has high hardness; Hexagonal boron nitride can be used as raw material to synthesize cubic boron nitride; Hexagonal boron nitride is widely used as ceramics, and cubic boron nitride is generally used to make CBN tools. In general, people use cubic boron nitride only for it's super high hardness. Differently, hBN is used in more applications such as insulators and crucibles due to its capability to be made into various of shapes.
Properties of Cubic Boron Nitride
Physical properties
Pure cubic boron nitride is colourless and transparent due to the purity of raw materials, catalysts and the impact of the synthesis process; it can be black, brown, amber, orange and so on. The theoretical density of cubic boron nitride is 3.48g/cm3, and the actual density is 3.39~3.44g/cm3.
Mechanical properties
The Mohs hardness of cubic boron nitride is 9.7, the Vickers hardness is 68.6~88.2GPa, which is slightly lower than that of diamond; the compressive strength is 7.2GPa, and the flexural strength is 294MPa.
Chemical properties
The chemical composition of cubic boron nitride is 43.6 B and 56.4% of N. The main impurities are SiO2, B2O3, Al2O3, Fe, Mg, Ca, etc.; the thermal stability and chemical inertness of cubic boron nitride to iron group elements and their alloys are obviously better than that of diamond.
Although the hardness of cubic boron nitride is lower than that of diamond due to its chemical inertia and better thermal stability with ferrous metals containing iron, its metal removal rate reaches ten times of diamond, which is a good solution to the hard, hard-wearing metal materials such as hardened steel and other processing problems.
FAQ
Q: What is a cubic boron nitride?
Q: Is cubic boron nitride harder than diamond?
Q: Is CBN harder than diamond?
Q: How to make cubic boron nitride?
Q: What is the difference between CBN and hBN?
Q: What are the advantages of cubic boron nitride?
Q: How strong is cubic boron nitride?
Q: Can boron nitride scratch diamonds?
Q: Why is boron nitride so hard?
Q: Why is CBN so expensive?
Q: Can CBN cut carbide?
Q: Which is stronger CBN or CBG?
Q: What is the difference between cubic boron nitride and diamond?
Q: Is cubic boron nitride a ceramic?
Q: Why is BN called inorganic graphite?
Q: What is CBN good for?
Q: How long does CBN last?
The effects of CBN can last anywhere from 2-8 hours, though 4-6 hours is more typical. The duration varies based on things like body weight, metabolism, dosage, and what kind of cannabis product you're using.
Q: What is CBN also known as?
Q: What are CBN tools?
Q: Is CBN conductive?
